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Possums Breastfeeding & Lactation articles which address overmedicalisation, paramedicalisation, and overtreatment of breastfeeding women and their babies

Dr Pamela Douglas13th of Dec 202513th of Dec 2025

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Free resources

Why are breastfeeding women and their babies often unnecessarily pathologised?

Why do we overuse antimicrobials for breastfeeding problems? Dr Pamela Douglas comments during World Antimicrobial Awareness Week 2022

PBL Intermediate: How to prevent unhelpful medicalisation and pathologisation of breastfeeding challenges

Why are breastfeeding women and their babies often unnecessarily pathologised?

Overdiagnosis, overtreatment, and overservicing arise due to a relative lack of effective clinical tools

Overmedicalisation and paramedicalisation in times of catastrophic environmental crisis

The bad bugs theory has resulted in catastrophic antimicrobial resistances

PBL Advanced: The worsening problem of low value health care in the field of breastfeeding and lactation medicine

The growing international problem of low value care in health systems

Useful terms and definitions when discussing low value health care

Factors which cause overmedicalisation, overtreatment, low value care

Understanding the problem of overdiagnosis, paramedicalisation, and overtreatment in the care of breastfeeding women and infants

Low value health care is a worsening international problem, including in the fields of breastfeeding medicine and lactation consultancy

The One Factor Fallacy (also the One Fix Fallacy or the One Study Fallacy) leads to overdiagnosis and overtreatment in unsettled infants and in breastfeeding pairs

Defining overmedicalisation, pathologising, overdiagnosis, overtreatment, paramedicalisation, and low value care in the field of breastfeeding medicine

What sociocultural or health system factors drive the increasing medicalisation and paramedicalisation of common infant care and breastfeeding problems?

The scientification of breastfeeding: our bias towards giving breastfeeding women instructions, exercises, plans, and interventions

Case study: 'cancelling' an evidence-based primary care innovation which offers alternatives to low value care for management of breastfeeding problems and unsettled infant behaviour

Factors which cause overmedicalisation, overtreatment, low value care

Common maternal or infant signs and symptoms which typically receive low value care

Low value care in the management of breast inflammation, nipple pain, and ankylofrenula

What drives overdiagnosis and overtreatment of restricted oral connective tissues in breastfeeding babies?

The international trend to overdiagnosis and overtreatment affects clinical approaches to lactation-related nipple pain and damage

The NDC Clinical Guidelines for lactation-related nipple wounds align with international paradigm shifts in wound care, including minimised antimicrobial use

The international trend to overdiagnosis and overtreatment affects clinical approaches to lactation-related inflammation of the breast stroma

ABM Clinical Protocol #36's distinction between inflammatory vs bacterial mastitis is unhelpful and promotes overuse of antibiotics

What is required in the practice of breastfeeding medicine if we're to minimise overmedicalisation, paramedicalisation, and overtreatment?

What is required in the practice of breastfeeding medicine if we're to minimise overmedicalisation, paramedicalisation, and overtreatment?

What would a system reset to minimise low value care for families with breastfeeding and unsettled infant behaviours look like?

NDC scientific publications which called out overtreatment in care of breastfeeding problems and unsettled babies

The overmedicalisation problem: discussion

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